Table 2

Cumulative Proportion of Health Payments by Consumption Deciles and Kakwani's indices, Malaysia 1998/99

Indices
Consumption
Direct taxes
Indirect taxes
Contributions to EPF and SOCSO
Private insurance premiums
Out-of- pocket payments

Gini/Concentration index
0.4051*
0.8003*
0.3273*
0.4862*
0.6985*
0.5094*
Robust standard error
-
0.0072
0.0642
0.0094
001735
0.0363
95% Confidence intervals
-
0.6745–0.9261
0.3089–0.3457
0.4435–0.5289
0.3585–1.0385
0.4383–0.5805
Kakwani indices
-
0.3952*
-0.0779*
0.0811*
0.2934
0.1043*
Robust standard error
-
0.0620
0.0088
0.0204
0.1726
0.0358
95% Confidence intervals

0.2737–0.5167
-0.0607-
(-0.0951)
0.0412–0.1210
0.2917–0.2951
0.1018–0.1068

Note: * significantly different from zero at 5%.

Yu et al. International Journal for Equity in Health 2008 7:15   doi:10.1186/1475-9276-7-15