|
The impact of prescription drug charges on patients' out-of-pocket expenditure on prescription drugs |
||
| Variable |
Out-of-pocket expenses |
Studies |
|
|
||
| Co-payment |
+ |
Stuart and Zacker [123] (US, OS, CD, R) |
| Co-payment |
0 |
Lurk et al. [27] (US, NS, CD, R) |
| Multi-tier formulary (vs. 1- or 2-tiers) |
+ |
Huskamp et al. [124] (US, NS, CD, R); Huskamp et al. [125] (US, NS, CD, R); Kamal-Bahl and Briesacher [91] (US, OS, CD, R) |
| Reference pricing |
+ |
Grootendorst et al. [101] (CA, NS, TD, R) |
| Insurance coverage |
||
| Supplementary (vs. none) |
- |
Alan et al. [69] (CA, OS, CD, R); Alan et al. [68] (CA, OS, CD, R); Alan et al. [126] (CA, OS, CD, R); Blustein [127] (US, OS, CD, R); Federman et al. [114] (US, OS, CD, R) |
| Reimbursement limit |
+ |
Tseng et al. [128] (US, OS, CD, NR) |
|
Country: CA = Canada; US = United States Type of study: ES = experimental study; NS = natural study; OS = observational study Type of statistical analysis used: R = regression techniques; NR = no regression techniques | ||
Gemmill et al. International Journal for Equity in Health 2008 7:12 doi:10.1186/1475-9276-7-12 |
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